Pharmacokinetics and transcriptional effects of the anti-salmon lice drug emamectin benzoate in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Overview
TitlePharmacokinetics and transcriptional effects of the anti-salmon lice drug emamectin benzoate in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
AuthorsOlsvik PA, Lie KK, Mykkeltvedt E, Samuelsen OB, Petersen K, Stavrum AK, Lunestad BT
TypeJournal Article
Journal NameBMC pharmacology
Volume8
IssueN/A
Year2008
Page(s)16
CitationOlsvik PA, Lie KK, Mykkeltvedt E, Samuelsen OB, Petersen K, Stavrum AK, Lunestad BT. Pharmacokinetics and transcriptional effects of the anti-salmon lice drug emamectin benzoate in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). BMC pharmacology. 2008; 8:16.

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Emamectin benzoate (EB) is a dominating pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment and control of infections by sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Fish with an initial mean weight of 132 g were experimentally medicated by a standard seven-day EB treatment, and the concentrations of drug in liver, muscle and skin were examined. To investigate how EB affects Atlantic salmon transcription in liver, tissues were assessed by microarray and qPCR at 7, 14 and 35 days after the initiation of medication.

RESULTS
The pharmacokinetic examination revealed highest EB concentrations in all three tissues at day 14, seven days after the end of the medication period. Only modest effects were seen on the transcriptional levels in liver, with small fold-change alterations in transcription throughout the experimental period. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that EB treatment induced oxidative stress at day 7 and inflammation at day 14. The qPCR examinations showed that medication by EB significantly increased the transcription of both HSP70 and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver during a period of 35 days, compared to un-treated fish, possibly via activation of enzymes involved in phase II conjugation of metabolism in the liver.

CONCLUSION
This study has shown that a standard seven-day EB treatment has only a modest effect on the transcription of genes in liver of Atlantic salmon. Based on GSEA, the medication seems to have produced a temporary oxidative stress response that might have affected protein stability and folding, followed by a secondary inflammatory response.

Author Details
Additional information about authors:
Details
1Pål A Olsvik
2Kai K Lie
3Eva Mykkeltvedt
4Ole B Samuelsen
5Kjell Petersen
6Anne-Kristin Stavrum
7Bjørn T Lunestad
Properties
Additional details for this publication include:
Property NameValue
Publication ModelElectronic
ISSN1471-2210
eISSN1471-2210
Publication Date2008
Journal AbbreviationBMC Pharmacol.
DOI10.1186/1471-2210-8-16
Elocation10.1186/1471-2210-8-16
Journal CountryEngland
LanguageEnglish
Language Abbreng
Publication TypeJournal Article
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DatabaseAccession
PMID: PMID:18786259